Odyssey :: essays research papers

1. Does the Odysseus of these books appear to be changed in character from the Odysseus of Books V †XII? Provided that this is true, why? In the books 5 to 12 Odysseus’ character doesn't generally experience any advances starting with one feature then onto the next. Odysseus despite everything conveys similar properties and qualities directly all the way to the finish of the story. It is, in any case, apparent in book 22, when Odysseus renders his retribution upon the admirers, that we see a very surprising side to Odysseus’ character. Both these two focuses will be tended to in this answer. Toward the start of the Epic, Odysseus is introduced as a fearless and gallant man who regularly ponders his home, spouse and child. He is a character that adores narrating, which likewise incorporates lying effortlessly. Odysseus â€Å"the man of numerous resources† never shows signs of change in his manners all through the remainder of the Epic, as he stays consistent to all his previous characteristics. Along these lines clearly Odysseus is a truly steady legend who acts and thinks in a similar way consistently, much like any human. Be that as it may, there is a contort to this discussion, as in Book 22 when he battles the admirers and wins we do see an altogether different side to the character of Odysseus. In this book, Homer presents Odysseus to us as a savage and un-pardoning character one who has everything set on crushing everything he can. Odysseus could fundamentally be portrayed as relentless. We see this specifically when Odysseus â€Å"stuck Leodes full in the neck.† Leodes had submitted to Odysseus yet he was honored with no expectation of acknowledgment as Odysseus had just settled on the suitor’s destiny. This is a significant change in the manner that Odysseus is depicted in the various <a href=http://www.

Communication Satellites And Computer Networks

Correspondence Satellites And Computer Networks A correspondence satellite which is some of the time truncated to COMSAT is a fake satellite to take part in space with the end goal of media communications. Current correspondence satellites utilize various circles including geostationary circles, Molina circles, other circular circles and low earth circles. They are additionally utilized for versatile applications, for example, correspondences to ships, vehicles, planes and hand held terminals and for TV and radio telecom, for which utilization of different advances, for example, link is unreasonable or unthinkable. HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION SATELLTES The principal counterfeit satellite was the soviet sputnik 1, propelled on October 4, 1957, and furnished with a locally available radio transmitter that dealt with two frequencies, 20.005 and 40.002 MHz The main American satellite to transfer correspondence was venture score in 1958, which utilized a recording device to store and forward voice messages. It was utilized to send messages like welcome and so forth. After that NASA propelled an Echo satellite in 1960. Telstar was the main dynamic, direct hand-off correspondences satellite. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION IN COMPUTER NETWORKS. A multi-hub, satellite correspondence framework utilizing an adjusted communicate framework is unveiled for utilized with disseminated PC systems. The framework includes a majority of system hubs (PC frameworks) each fit for transmitting to some other hub at a solitary novel recurrence, yet equipped for accepting from every single other hub at the same time. Every hub in the n-hub organize includes a solitary transmitter with up to n-1 collectors, with every hub equipped for parleying a majority of solicitations for transmission get to. The creation includes a strategy for conveying advanced data in a system of geological appropriated PCs. GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES A satellite in a geostationary circle seems, by all accounts, to be in a fixed situation to an earth-based spectator. In 1945, Arthur C. Clarke depicts a total correspondence framework that utilized kept an eye on geostationary satellites, including the circles, sun oriented boards, radio frequencies and dispatch techniques. Yet, it was fizzled, on the grounds that these satellites were unfeasible because of the inconceivability of putting eager for power, delicate, vacuum tube speakers into space. The principal correspondence satellite, Telstar was propelled in July 1962. At that point correspondence Satellites have become a multibillion dollar business and the main part of space that has gotten exceptionally compact. These high-flying satellites are called GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellites. Geostationary satellites space a lot nearer than 2 degrees in the 360-degree tropical plane, to stay away from impedance. With a space of 2 degrees, there must be 360/2 =180 of these sa tellites in the sky at ones. In any case, every transponder can utilize various frequencies and polarization to build the accessible transfer speed. Current satellite was weighing up 4000kg and expending a few kilowatts of electric force delivered by the sun based boards. ITU has designated certain recurrence groups to satellite clients. The primary groups are recorded as C band was the first to be assigned for business satellite traffic and the capitalized one for uplink traffic. To permit traffic to go the two different ways simultaneously, two channels is required, one going every way. These groups are packed in light of the fact that they are additionally utilized by the basic bearers for earthly microwave joins. The L and S groups were included by universal understanding in 2000. Band Downlink Uplink Data transfer capacity Issues L 1.5GHZ 1.6GHZ 15MHZ Low data transfer capacity; swarmed S 1.9GHZ 2.2GHZ 70MHZ Low data transfer capacity; swarmed C 4.0GHZ 6.0GHZ 500MHZ Earthly obstruction Ku 11GHZ 14GHZ 500MHZ Downpour Ka 20GHZ 30GHZ 3500MHZ Downpour, gear cost The following most elevated band accessible to business media transmission transporters is the Ku band. Data transmission allotted in the Ka band for business traffic, yet the gear expected to utilize it is as yet costly. A cutting edge satellite has around 40 transponders, each with a 80-MHZ band width. The principal geostationary satellites had a solitary bar that lit up around 1/3 of the earth㠢㠢‚⠬㠢„â ¢s surface called impression. MEDIUM-EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES MEO (Medium-Earth Orbit) satellites followed as travel through the sky. These are lower than GEOs; they have littler impression on the ground and require less incredible transmitters to contact them. LOW-EARTH ORBIT LEO (LOW EARTH ORBIT) satellite because of their quick movement, enormous quantities of them is required for a total framework. In this segment we will analyze, two focused on voice correspondence and one focused on network access. LEO earth satellites are more affordable to dispatch into space than geostationary satellites. A grou8p of satellites working in show is a Satellite group of stars. Worldwide STAR An iridium elective plan is worldwide star. It dependent on 48 LEO satellites. In any case, it utilizes an alternate exchanging plan than that of iridium. Worldwide star utilizes a customary bowed funnel plan. The call starting at the North Pole is sent back to earth and got by the huge ground station at Santa㠢㠢‚⠬㠢„â ¢s Workshop. The call is steered through an earthbound system to the ground station closest the cal lee and conveyed by a bowed funnel association. The benefit of worldwide star plot is that it puts a great part of the unpredictability on the ground, where it is simpler to oversee. MOLNIYA ORBIT The Molniya circle is planned with the goal that the satellite spends the extraordinary dominant part of its time over the far northern scopes, during which its ground impressions moves just somewhat. Its period is one half day, with the goal that the satellite is accessible for activity for eight hours consistently unrest. The Molniya satellites are commonly utilized for communication and TV benefits over Russia. HOW SATELLITE COMMUNICATION WORKS? The idea of satellite based system is to transmit and get signal from ground stations. The reason for satellite correspondence is to utilize it for video transmission and sharing. In basic words a satellite is a gadget which spins around the earth either for gathering valuable data or for helping move of data. HOW DO SATELLITES COMMUNICATE? Satellites impart through a mind boggling arrangement of telemetry that associates and transmits flags among satellites and earth-bound stations. This framework starts with telemetry, following and order (TTC) subsystem which tracks and coordinates signals. TTC produces signal that are straightforwardly commensurable to the amount that is being estimated, encoding and transmitting these sign to inaccessible stations on earth. Uses OF COMMUNICATION SATELLITES The uses of correspondence satellites are, Phone Satellite Television Fixed Service Satellite Direct Broadcast satellites Satellite radio Portable satellite advances Novice radio Satellite web Military employments Route Phone The primary application for correspondence satellites was in intercontinental significant distance communication. People in general exchanged phone organize transfers calls from landline phones to an earth station where they are transmitted to geostationary satellite. SATELLITE TELEVISION The satellite TV is generally not many signs of huge band width to numerous collectors being an increasingly exact counterpart for the abilities of geosynchronous comsats. Two satellite sorts are utilized for North American Television and radio that are Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) and Fixed Service Satellite (FSS). DIRECT BROADCAST SATELLITE It is a correspondence satellite that transmits to little DBS satellite dishes. It is generally 18 to 24 inches or 45 to 60 cm in a width. SATELLITE RADIO A Satellite radio offers sound administrations in certain nations, generally in United States. Versatile administrations permit audience members to wander a mainland, tuning in to a similar sound programming anyplace. A Satellite radio or membership radio(SR) is a computerized radio sign that is communicated by an interchanges satellite, which covers an a lot more extensive geological range than earthly radio signs. Versatile SATELLITE TECHNOLOGIES At first accessible for communicate to fixed TV collectors. A few fabricates have presented uncommon recieving wires for versatile gathering of DBS TV. Such portable DBS radio wires are utilized by stream blue Airways for Direct TV, which travelers can see on board on LCD screens mounted in the seats. End Correspondence satellite has truly cleared path for some innovations to develop and its development in innovation profoundly diminishes the expense of conveying a satellite. Clients of satellite frameworks will profit by new assistance alternatives and solidness in wording current satellites and their substitution. It is valuable to financial matters of developing and working correspondence satellites. To finish up, I was truly profited by getting more information by doing this task by investigating on Communication satellite.

Describe And Assess The Importance Of Constructed Wetlands In The

Describe And Assess The Importance Of Constructed Wetlands In The Describe And Assess The Importance Of Constructed Wetlands In The Process Of Mine Pollution â€" Assignment Example > Introduction Living in industrial world has become a catastrophe to both organism and community especially when there is no effective management of contaminants from the industries. Mustafa (2013) defined industry as the processes and activities that produce goods from raw materials and in the process, there is creation of by-products which can pollute environment and have adverse effects on the ecosystem. Over the years, the mining industry has experienced a lot of burden of negative ecological criticism and resilient government regulations. Different environmental analysts has the same perception that extraction of minerals and processing is a source of contaminants to water, air and soil especially when effective environmental measures are not observed. Mining industries have also been associated with infertile and unproductive lands. Therefore, in order to reduce the pollutants and recover the environmental particularly in mine lands, different governments passed surface and m ining acts. For example, United States passed Surface and Mining Control and reclamation Act 1977 which needed mining operators to achieve the set standards of environmental sustainability and quality. One of the most challenging contaminant to the ecosystem is the acid released by industries. According to Chen, Yan, Lei Xiao (2014) the techniques which are employed to remedy water pollution is normally timely and have intense cost and in most cases these strategies go for longer years until the mining station is abandon. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) however has seen a positive solution since the creation of wetlands to remediate pollutants induced by human (Patova Dorokhova, 2008). Constructed wetlands has a continuous system to treat acid mine drainage at low cost and this has been perceived as an effective solution to the growing pollution from mining industries (Mustafa, 2013). Acid Mine Drainage in mining industries Acid mine drainage (AMD) results when there is a reaction betw een sulfide oxide in the mines and water and air. This in turn creates sulfate and hydrogen ions. The minerals that are accounted to this reaction are coal and all metal mining solutions (Ohioline. osu. edu, 2015). It is during the process of extraction which exposes these minerals to ‘ride out’ on air, water or microbial processes. This exposure causes contamination to water which increases its acidity. There will be elevation of heavy metals and other dissolved solids which make water become toxic to the uses-both aquatic and terrestrial life. The mining industry has classification of contaminants with particular concern and they include iron, acidity and aluminum. Also, chemosynthetic bacteria are also another source of AMD which are known to catalyze pyrite oxidation process (Zheng, Gu, Zhou Li, 2013). Problems linked with Acid Mine Drainage Acid Mine drainage has metal components from mines which contaminates water. When the by-product of mining industry is released to th e water, they interact with these metals. AMD composition upsets growth and reproduction of aquatic habitats. This may lead to migration or even death of these habitats. Acid has a corroding effect and therefore it affects parts of the infrastructure like bridges and road side guards. This in turn subject public using road transport to the risk of accidents (Sehlke, Hayes Stevens, 2004).